The subject invention provides materials and methods for modulating cellular glucose uptake. Specifically, in accordance with one embodiment of the subject invention, stem cell factor (SCF) can be used to stimulate cellular glucose uptake. The administration of SCF can also be used to promote Glucose Transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression. In accordance with the subject invention, SCF can be used to improve glucose homeostasis, including in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
