The present invention relates to an optical system for detecting a biological tissue by using a polarizing characteristic, the optical system comprising: a light source unit for emitting light a light guide unit for a light source, the light guide unit being made of a flexible material and in which the light emitted from the light source unit is incident on one side thereof and is emitted at the other side thereof a photographing unit for photographing the light emitted from the other side of the light guide unit for a light source and reflected from a subject to be measured a first polarizing plate provided so as to rotate around an optical path of the light, as an axis, moving toward the subject to be measured from the light source unit, and polarizing, in a first polarizing direction, the light moving toward the subject to be measured a second polarizing plate arranged on an optical path of the light, which is reflected from the subject to be measured so as to move toward the photographing unit, and blocking the transmission of light polarized in the first polarizing direction among lights moving toward the photographing unit by being polarized in a second polarizing direction vertical to the first polarizing direction and a control unit for rotating the first polarizing plate and controlling the photographing unit such that the photographing unit photographs at least two images, and for detecting a biological tissue on the basis of pixel brightness changes in at least two images. Therefore, a biological tissue can be detected by using a polarizing characteristic capable of detecting a biological tissue in which an outer membrane such as a nerve or a ligament has a polarizing characteristic.La présente invention concerne un système optique pour détecter un tissu biologique à laide dune caractéristique de polarisation, le système optique comprenant : une unité de source de lumière pour émettre de la lumière une unité de guidage de lumière pour une source de lumièr
