A method of enhancing the myelinating activity of oligodendrocytes or progenitors thereof is disclosed. The method comprises contacting the oligodendrocytes or the progenitors with an agent that binds to G Protein-Coupled Receptor 37 (GPR37) or a polynucleotide encoding same or an upstream activator of the GPR37 so as to up-regulate an amount and/or activity of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in the oligodendrocytes or the progenitors.
