Disclosed is a plant cultivation apparatus using an up-down system enabling mass production of plants by allowing the entire area of a greenhouse to be used as a cultivation space. The plant cultivation apparatus using the up-down system includes a driving unit (20) installed at trusses (12), installed at regular intervals in a forward and backward direction to horizontally cross tops of inner pillars (11) of a greenhouse (10), an elevating unit (30), installed to be operated by the driving unit (20), and left and right cultivation gutters (40, 40') configured to be ascended and descended by the elevating unit (30), wherein the driving unit (20) comprises a deceleration motor (21), a drive shaft (22) and driving sprocket members (23) and first to fourth left and right auxiliary sprockets (241 to 244)； the elevating unit (30) is configured with a set of five elevating members of first to fifth elevating members (31 to 35)； wherein the left and right cultivation gutters (40, 40') of the first to fifth elevating members (31 to 35) ascend and descend alternately in turn in a zigzag shape by the use of the deceleration motor (21) and the drive shaft (22).
