A surgical image pickup system utilizes an adjustable lens set and a complex lens set to change the direction of the incident light emitted from the light source and the position of the surgical site on which the incident light projects. The eyepiece and the sensor have the same field of view and the same optical axis such that first image generated by the sensor and a second image generated by the eyepiece are the same. The sensor transmits the first image to the external display for display by wireless communication. By means of the foregoing configuration, the second image which doctor utilizes the eyepiece to see and the first image which the external display displays are the same, thereby facilitating the operation of surgery.