The invention relates to a cosmetic process for treating keratin materials, comprising: either the sequential application on the keratin materials of a composition comprising an ethylenic polymer of maleic anhydride and an amine compound chosen from polyamine compounds having several groups primary amine and / or secondary amine and amino alkoxysilanes, ie the topical application to the keratin materials of a composition resulting from the mixing of a composition comprising an acrylic polymer of maleic anhydride and an amine compound selected from the group consisting of amino alkoxysilanes; the ethylenic polymer being derived from the polymerization of: (a) 45 to 95% by weight, of the total weight of monomers, of ethylenic monomer having at least one linear or branched C8 alkyl group; (b) 5 to 25% by weight of maleic anhydride; (c) 0 to 50% by weight of additional monomer; the compositions used being anhydrous when the amino compound is an amino alkoxysilane. The process makes it possible to obtain a film-forming deposit having good resistance to water, oil and sebum. The film is also non-sticky and non-transferable. L'invention concerne un procédé cosmétique de traitement des matières kératiniques, comprenant : soit l'application séquentielle sur les matières kératiniques d'une composition comprenant un polymère éthylénique d'anhydride maléique et d'un composé aminé choisi parmi les composés polyaminés ayant plusieurs groupes amine primaire et/ou amine secondaire et les amino alcoxysilanes,, soit l'application topique sur les matières kératiniques d'une composition issue du mélange d'une composition comprenant un polymère acrylique d'anhydride maléique et d'un composé aminé choisi parmi les amino alcoxysilanes ; le polymère éthylénique étant issu de la polymérisation de : (a) 45 à 95 % en poids, du poids total de monomères, de monomère éthylénique ayant un groupe alkyle au moins en C8 linéaire ou ramifié ; (b)