A laser-based dental treatment system also provides for imaging of the treatment area during treatment thereof, without requiring the operator to switch between different devices. A laser beam delivery subsystem and an imaging system are coupled such that at least a portion of the path along which the light reflected from the treatment area propagates towards the imaging system is substantially the same as at least a portion of the path along which the laser beam propagates. Optionally, an illumination system that can direct light to a candidate treatment area for diagnosis thereof, and/or to provide adequate light to the treatment area for imaging, is also be integrated with the treatment system.
