An improved bone screw for humans or mammals is a bone screw having exposed surfaces along a shank and threads extending from the shank with one or more selected portions of the exposed surfaces having a 3-dimensional pattern. The pattern provides enhanced resistance to thread loosening when affixed to bone. The exposed surface is on exterior portions of the threads or portions of the shank or both. The one or more selected portions of the exposed portions having a bone formation enhancing 3-dimensional patterns are in the external exposed thread surfaces or in the exposed shank surfaces or both.
