A position detection system includes: a detection target including a magnetic field generator and a permanent magnet detection coils a guidance magnetic field generator including a magnetic field generation source configured to generate a guidance magnetic field for guiding the detection target, and a driving mechanism configured to change at least one of a position and a posture of the magnetic field generation source, wherein at least a part of the guidance magnetic field generator is formed of a conductor that generates an interference magnetic field a guidance magnetic field controller configured to control an operation of the driving mechanism and a position detector configured to calculate at least one of a position and a posture of the detection target by using: detection signals respectively output from the detection coils and at least one of a position and a posture of the conductor.
