A novel soybean cultivar designated S10-T1 with high yield potential and tolerance to Roundup herbicide, further including the plants and seeds of the cultivar S10-T1, and methods for producing a soybean plant by crossing the cultivar S10-T1 with itself or another soybean plant. The invention also relates to soybean cultivar S10-T1 further comprising one or more single gene traits, and to methods of producing a soybean having such traits by transformation or mutagenesis. The invention also includes using the soybean cultivar S10-T1 to produce other soybean cultivars or breeding lines.