The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating ischemic stroke using miRNA for tissue protection regulated by ischemic pre-treatment. The pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating ischemic stroke comprises oligonucleotides complementarily coupled to miR-551b-3p.본 발명은 허혈성 전처치에 의해 조절되는 조직보호 miRNA 를 이용한 허혈성 뇌중풍의 예방 또는 치료에 관한 것이다.