Various embodiments of components, devices, systems and methods are provided for a pneumatic surgical instrument having a distal end of a probe configured to penetrate bone, resect or microfracture bone. The injury caused to the bone by the penetration, resection or microfracturing of same causes blood to flow to the injury site and promote the growth of new bone at the site. Holes or recesses in the bone may also be employed to treat arthritis in patient, to form holes or recesses in which one or more orthopedic implants are attached or anchored to same, form microfractures in bone, resect bone, perform osteotomies, or to carry out yet other surgical procedures in bone.
