A cell freeze-drying system, comprising: a temperature-elevated nitrogen supplier, a freeze-drying operation box, and a gas discharger, which are connected in that order using a first connection pipe. The temperature-elevated nitrogen supplier supplies warmed nitrogen to the freeze-drying operation box. A cell sample frozen by liquid nitrogen is placed in the freeze-drying operation box, and then the freeze-drying operation box, which is preset to a temperature suitable for placing the cell sample frozen by liquid nitrogen, is warmed up in a preset mode while continuously being supplied with the warmed nitrogen to sublimate solid state water in the cell sample into gaseous water. The gas discharger is used to discharge the gaseous nitrogen and the gaseous water. Further disclosed is a cell freeze-drying method. The invention can effectively address an issue of cell damage and contamination during freeze-drying, and realizes safety, efficiency, and low costs for cell freeze-drying.
