The present invention relates to a benzodiazepine or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in inducing and/or maintaining a MOAA/S score of ≤ 1 in a human patient selected from an infant, a child and a patient with a cognitive impairment that is at least mild cognitive impairment, or for use in inducing and/or maintaining a MOAA/S score of ≤ 1 in a patient without causing brain damage, wherein the benzodiazepine or salt is defined by having the property of leading to one or more particular characteristics of an electroencephalogram of a human reference subject in case said benzodiazepine or salt is administered to said reference subject to induce and/or maintain a MOAA/S score of ≤ 1.
