In one aspect, a system (300) for monitoring soil conditions within a field may include an implement (10) configured to be traversed across a field. The implement (10) may further include a plurality of ground engaging tools (38) pivotally coupled to a frame (20) and a plurality of sensors (106). Each sensor (106) may be configured to detect a parameter indicative of a current position of one of the plurality of ground engaging tools (38). Additionally, the system (300) may include a controller (112) configured to monitor a displacement of each ground engaging tool (38) and determine a current global ground engaging tool displacement parameter for the implement based on the monitored displacements of the plurality of ground engaging tools (38). Additionally, the controller may be configured to identify a soil condition for a swath of the field being traversed by the implement (10) based on a comparison between the current global ground engaging tool displacement parameter and a predetermined global displacement threshold.