The method involves measuring ingredient and concentration of dialysis fluid flowing out of dialyzer during dialysis treatment. The dialysis fluid is irradiated using light source (1), and luminescence or fluorescence radiation is detected using luminescence or fluorescence detector (5). Finally, the dialysis-specific parameter such as blood flow, dialysis fluid flow, ultrafiltration rate, type of therapy, duration of therapy, etc are determined. An independent claim is included for a device for determining concentration of luminescent uremic substance in dialyzer during dialysis treatment.