A method for inducing and enhancing neurogenesis and /or oligodendrogenesisfrom endogenous as well as from exogenously administered stem cells comprisesadministering to an individual in need thereof an agent selected from thegroup consisting of Copolymer 1, a Copolymer 1-related polypeptide, aCopolymer 1, a Copolymer 1-related polypeptide, or a Copolymer 1-relatedpeptide. The method is particularly useful for stem cell therapy incombination with the agent.