The present invention provides a compression-resistant collagen-based artificial bone repair material that could be used for bone defect repair at human load-bearing sites. Such material has a composition and structure of self-assembled nano-sized calcium phosphate salt and collagen molecules, thereby possessing a biomimetic mineralization structure similar to the natural bone. On the aspect of mechanical properties, such material has a similar mechanical strength to human cortical bone, which makes it suitable for repairing bone defects at human load-bearing sites. The present invention further provides preparation methods of such Compression-resistant collagen-based artificial bone repair material.