Disclosed is a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing a disease accompanied by the increase in an activity of at least one member selected from DYRK1A, DYRK1B and DYRK2. Specifically disclosed is a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing a disease accompanied by the increase in an activity of at least one member selected from DYRK1A, DYRK1B and DYRK2, which comprises a compound capable of inhibiting the protein phosphorylation activity of at least one member selected from DYRK1A, DYRK1B and DYRK2 as an active ingredient.