Embodiments of the disclosure include a method and system for estimating flow rates of a fluid or medium though a dialyzer during a dialysis treatment (e.g., a hemodialysis treatment). Pressure sensors are incorporated in dialyzers used for hemodialysis to achieve continuous monitoring of fluid balance of the body. During dialysis, obtaining fluid input and output pressures experienced at various inlets and outlets of dialyzers is easier than obtaining flow rates at these inlets and outlets, but using flow rates is better in determining the effectiveness of a dialyzer during hemodialysis. Embodiments of the disclosure thus use pressure measurements at inlets and outlets of a dialyzer along with a dialyzer model to determine fluid flow rates through the dialyzer. The fluid flow rates are used to determine whether there are leakages or occlusions in tubing during the dialysis treatment.
