A syringe and device for rapidly loading and releasing the syringe. A limiting flange and clamping flange are on a connection end of the syringe. The clamping flange is proximate to a rear end of the connection end and includes at least two clamping portions. The device includes an injection head, pushing ring, guide sleeve, and at least two bayonet locks. The bayonet locks are on the injection head by first elastic structures flexible along a radial direction. One end of the pushing ring stretches into the guide sleeve. A second elastic structure is between the pushing ring and guide sleeve. The other end of the pushing ring faces sides of the bayonet locks. Bump components are disposed on sides of the bayonet locks, with bump slots corresponding thereto. Clamping slots for insertion of the clamping portions are on an end face of the pushing ring.
