An implantable repair device for the repair, augmentation or replacement of tissue, uses silk fibroin and has a smooth surface and a porous surface. The smooth surface has a measured Sa value of less than approximately 0.1 μm when using Atomic Force Microscopy when samples of the repair device are fully hydrated by imaging through fluid in peak force tapping mode. A method of preparing such an implantable repair device includes preparing a gel from a fibroin solution in a mold, preparing a material by subjecting the gel to one or more steps of freezing and thawing the gel, and creating at least a porous surface on the device, wherein a portion of the mold is adapted to provide at least one smooth surface.
