#$%^&*AU2013219181A120150312.pdf#####Abstract A method of reducing biofilm formation on a surface of an article by modifying the contour of the surface to reduce the incidence of bacterial attachment, and subsequent formation of a biofilm. The disclosed method has application to the dairy, food and beverage industries. The method comprises the steps of providing particles of at least one material and subsequently applying the particles to the surface in a liquid via at least one predetermined acoustic wave frequency to create sonic impaction and adhesion of the particles onto the surface to create at least one surface contour of the material on the surface to reduce the formation of a biofilm on the surface over time.
