There is provided inter alia a method for the preparation and/or generation of immunomodulatory cells which comprises contacting a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and/or fibroblast cell population with peripheral blood leukocytes for between about 2 hours and about 25 days.間葉系幹細胞(MSC)及び/又は線維芽細胞集団を末梢血白血球に約2時間~約25日間接触させることを含む、免疫調節性細胞の調製及び/又は産生の方法が特に提供される。【選択図】図1