Systems and methods for restoring or augmenting neural function by inducing new neural connections in a nervous system of a human patient or able-bodied individual are disclosed. One method for inducing new neural connections to restore lost neural function or augment neural function includes receiving neural signals from the nervous system of the individual and/or signals from an external sensor or information source. A stimulation pattern is generated based on (a) the neural signals and/or external information sources, and (b) a neural model, and the stimulation pattern is output to the nervous system of the individual. Stimulation of the nervous system based on the stimulation pattern computed by the neural model produces a measureable output by the individual. An error signal can be determined based at least in part on the measureable output and a desired output, and the neural model can be adjusted based on the error signal.
