Disclosed is a portable X-ray emission device, which uses an electric field emission-type X-ray source, and is thus advantageous in reducing weight and volume and has excellent reliability in X-ray emission performance. The portable X-ray emission device according to the present invention comprises: an electric field emission X-ray source, which includes a cathode electrode having an electron emission source, an anode electrode having an X-ray target surface, and a gate electrode between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode； and a driving signal generation unit for generating at least three driving signals applied to the cathode electrode, the anode electrode, and the gate electrode, respectively, by a direct current power source having a predetermined voltage. The driving signal generation unit may comprise a current control unit for maintaining a tube current between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode to have a constant value during X-ray emission.
