Disclosed herein is a skin condition-improving composition for topical application to the skin, comprising human placental lactogen (hPL) as an active ingredient. The disclosed method and composition exhibit various skin-conditioning effects, such as preventing and/or reducing atopic dermatitis, ultraviolet-light-caused skin damage, wrinkles, age spots, skin pigmentation, acne, itching, xerosis, and skin aging and such as improving skin elasticity and moisturization.