An adaptor for delivering an aerosolized activeagent to a patient with concomitant positive pressure ventilationincludes an aerosol flow channel having an aerosol inlet port and apatient interface port, and defining an aerosol flow path from theaerosol inlet port to and through the patient interface port； and aventilation gas flow channel in fluid communication with theaerosol flow channel and having a gas inlet port and a gas outletport, and defining a ventilation gas flow path from the gas inletport to and through the gas outlet port, wherein the ventilation gasflow path is at least partially offset from the aerosol flow path andat least partially encircles the aerosol flow path. Systems andmethods for delivering an aerosolized active agent to a patientwith concomitant positive pressure ventilation incorporate theadaptor.
