In one or more embodiments, the present invention is directed to poly(propylene fumarate) polymers and polymer structures made therefrom (and related methods) that have been end and/or monomer functionalized to add functional groups for post-polymerization modification with bioactive materials or other functional species, preferably through one of many facile "click" reactions. In some embodiments, end-group functionalization is accomplished via a functionalized initiating alcohol used during polymerization. In some embodiments, functionalization of these poly(propylene fumarate) polymers is accomplished via the functionalization of the propylene oxide monomer precursors, which then form functionalized side-chains on the resulting poly(propylene fumarate) polymers.