The interface between nanotechnology and biological systems is used to synthetically replicate the bodys vital, innate, immune functions with targeted precision. Through the creation and use of complexed nanodiamonds (or other particles) with capture agents in a flow-through return apparatus or in an analytic/diagnostic tool, the invention provides individualized treatment of blood-borne pathogens and disease spectrums and rapid, individualized diagnostics. The invention can be used, for example, to clear blood-borne pathogens during initial infections prior to tissue sequestration in real time, to decrease overwhelming numbers of bacterial/viral/cytokine load during life threatening infectious conditions, to super sensitize the immune system to a variety of conditions-cancer markers, vaccinates, etc., to tag and present preloaded microspheres to the immune system for phagocytosis and cell control or delivery, to create human-derived antibodies in vitro for use in vivo, to create direct human anticancer therapies through linkages, among various other areas.
