A multiphoton microscope is provided. The microscope includes: an excitation source for providing an optical excitation beam at an excitation wavelength λ； a scanner for scanning the excitation beam on a sample； an objective for irradiating the sample with the excitation beam scanned by the scanner and for collecting an emission beam from the sample； a first detector for detecting a plurality of multiphoton signals； and an emission light path allowing transmission from the objective to the first detector a wavelength band limited to greater than or equal to λ/2 and less than λ, wherein the plurality of multiphoton signals have wavelengths within the wavelength band； wherein the plurality of multiphoton signals comprises a first multiphoton signal and a second multiphoton signal of different types. Fast image capture rate multiphoton microscopes for in vivo imaging, as well as photothermolysis methods using the microscopes are also provided.
