A similar case retrieval device is provided with: an image feature extraction unit (150) which extracts a plurality of image feature amounts from an image to be interpreted； an interpretation item conformity degree calculation unit (160) which, on the basis of a first interpretation knowledge that is information indicating the presence range of the values of the image feature amounts on a class-by-class basis with respect to each of interpretation items, calculates the degrees of conformity of the extracted plurality of image feature amounts to each of the interpretation items； an interpretation item candidate display unit (170) which displays interpretation items with high degrees of conformity； an interpretation item selection unit (180) which causes an interpretation item to be selected； a weight determination unit (190) which, on the basis of a second interpretation knowledge that predetermines the relationships between the image feature amounts and the interpretation items, determines a weight for each of the extracted image feature amounts, said weight having a value that becomes larger as the relationship between the image feature amount and the selected interpretation item is stronger； and a similar case retrieval unit (200) which retrieves case data by weighting, with the weight of each of the image feature amounts, and comparing the extracted plurality of image feature amounts and a plurality of image feature amounts extracted from a medical image included in the case data.L'invention concerne un dispositif d'extraction de cas similaires qui comporte : une unité d'extraction de caractéristique d'image (150) qui extrait une pluralité de quantités de caractéristiques d'image à partir d'une image à interpréter ； une unité de calcul de degré de conformité d'élément d'interprétation (160) qui, sur la base d'une première connaissance d'interprétation qui correspond à des informations indiquant la plage de présence des valeurs des quantités de caractéristiques d'
