For non-invasive EP mapping, a sparse number of electrodes (e.g., 10 in a typical 12-lead ECG exam setting) are used to generate an EP map without requiring preoperative 3D image data (e.g. MR or CT). An imager (e.g., a depth camera) captures the surface of the patient and may be used to localize electrodes in any positioning on the patient. Two-dimensional (2D) x-rays, which are commonly available, and the surface of the patient are used to segment the heart of the patient. The EP map is then generated from the surface, heart segmentation, and measurements from the electrodes.
