This invention relates to treatment of nerve injuries and regeneration of nerves and nerve function in the acutely and chronically lesioned central and peripheral nervous system. The invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising histone, e.g., H1. It was surprisingly shown that histones, in particular histone H1, can be used for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for treatment and/or prevention of acute and chronic injuries to the central and peripheral nervous system, for promoting growth and/or regrowth of nerves and enhancing formation of synapses and synaptic plasticity, and for neuroprotection.
