The present invention relates to bacterial nanocellulose composite which comprises nanocellulose, sensor or signal processing molecule(s), actuator/effector molecule(s) and/or cells and optionally further component(s). The present invention further relates to the use of the bacterial nanocellulose composite in chip technology and material engineering. The present invention relates to a printing, storage and/or processing medium as well as a smart card or chip card comprising the bacterial nanocellulose composite. The present invention further relates to the medical use of the bacterial nanocellulose composite, preferably in wound healing, tissue engineering and as transplant. The present invention further relates to a skin, tissue or neuro transplant. The present invention also relates to methods of stimulus conduction, muscle stimulation and/or monitoring heartbeat. The present invention further relates to a method for producing a nanocellulose composite chip using 3D printer.
