Disclosed is an adjustable asynchronous transplanting mechanism, comprising a seedling bed support, a seedling supply bed, several transplanting drive boxes (1), rotary boxes (2), and transplanting arms (3), wherein the seedling supply bed comprises several seedling troughs (4), and the seedling supply bed is adapted to a seedling bed guide rail (51) provided on the seedling bed support. A left-hand and a right-hand rotary box (2) are provided on each transplanting drive box (1), and two transplanting arms (3) are provided on the rotary boxes (2), wherein the right-hand rotary box (2) is provided with an angle adjustment mechanism for adjusting the angular difference of the left-hand and right-hand rotary boxes. A spacing adjustment can be made between a seedling trough (4) and another seedling trough (4) and between seedling removal ports (10). The rotary boxes (2) are provided with an axial adjustment mechanism making the transplanting arms (3) correspond to the seedling removal ports (10).
