A method of using a multi-layer biocidal structure includes providing a multi-layer biocidal structure having a support and a structured bi-layer on or over the support. The structured bi-layer includes a first cured layer on or over the support and a second layer in a spatial relationship to the first cured layer on a side of the first cured layer opposite the support. The structured bi-layer has at least one depth greater than the thickness of the second layer and multiple biocidal particles located only in the second layer. The multi-layer biocidal structure is located on a surface.