The present invention is directed toward adjuvants that effect an innate and/or a specific immune response. The adjuvants contain at least one lipoprotein, such as Lip, Lip fragments or Lip variants, where the lipoprotein comprises at least one pentameric unit and at least one lipid moiety. Adjuvants wherein the lipoprotein make up at least 10% of the adjuvant by weight/volume are provided.