The present invention provides a method of screening for a therapeutic or prophylactic drug for acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome, comprising the following steps:(a) a step of forming colonies of hematopoietic progenitor cells induced from pluripotent stem (iPS) cells produced from non-T cells in blood mononuclear cells isolated from myelodysplastic syndrome patients, in the presence of a test substance and in the absence of the test substance, and(b) a step of selecting the test substance as a candidate for a therapeutic or prophylactic drug for acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome and the like when the colony number in the presence of the test substance increases from the colony number in the absence of the test substance.
