The disclosure relates to modulators of ATP-Binding Cassette ("ABC") transporters or fragments thereof represented by formula (I), including Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator, compositions thereof, and methods therewith, wherein the variables shown in formula (I) are as defined in the specification. These compounds of formula (I) are suitable for modulating CFTR activity and are useful for treating diseases caused by mutation in CFTR.