Conductive formulations containing conductive agents, such as salts, ionic surfactants, or other substances that are in an ionized state or easily ionized in an aqueous or organic solvent environment, and methods of use, have been developed. One or more active agents, such as antivirals, antimicrobials, anti-inflammatories, proteins or peptides, may optionally be included with the formulation. The formulations may be administered for several different purposes: reducing the spreading of infectious diseases, both viral and bacterial, such as SARS, influenza, tuberculosis, and RSV in humans and hoof and mouth disease in cloven-footed animals； minimizing ambient contamination due to particle formation during breathing, coughing, sneezing, or talking which is particularly important in the clean room applications； decreasing or preventing the occurrence of obstructive sleep apnea and some cases of irritable bowel syndrome； and controlling the uptake kinetics of drug molecules and pathogens.
