A method for use in detecting and monitoring an effect experienced by a subject taking a first drug, Drug A, and at least one other substance, Substance B, comprising: (a) a period of time Obtaining a plurality of measurements of the subject's physiological characteristics over time, and (b) comparing the measured values to the discriminating characteristics of drug A, which is a predetermined discriminating characteristic associated with the first drug, and thereby the measured values Calculating a measure Adiff of the difference between the identification characteristic of drug A and (c) comparing the measured value with the identification characteristic of substance B, which is a predetermined identification characteristic associated with at least one other substance, and Calculating a measure Bdiff of the difference between the measured value and the discriminating characteristic of substance B by (d) comparing the measured value with a DO discriminating characteristic which is a predetermined discriminating characteristic related to the desired physiological state of the subject. And thereby It comprises calculating a measure DOdiff of the difference between the value and the DO identifying characteristics, and generating an output by combining (e) Adiff, Bdiff, and DOdiff, a method.第1の薬物である薬物A、及び少なくとも1つの他の物質である物質Bを摂取する対象者によって経験される効果を検出及びモニタする際に使用する方法であって、(a)或る期間にわたり対象者の生理学的特性の複数の測定値を得るステップと、(b)測定値を第1の薬物に関連する既定の識別特性である薬物Aの識別特性と比較し、且つそれにより測定値と薬物Aの識別特性との差の測度Adiffを計算するステップと、(c)測定値を少なくとも1つの他の物質に関連する既定の識別特性である物質Bの識別特性と比較し、且つそれにより測定値と物質Bの識別特性との差の測度Bdiffを計算するステップと、(d)測定値を対象者の所望の生理学的状態に関連する既定の識別特性であるDO識別特性と比較し、且つそれにより測定値とDO識別特性との差の測度DOdiffを計算するステップと、(e)Adiff、Bdiff、及びDOdiffを組み合わせて出力を生成するステップとを含む、方法である。