A system that detects heartbeats includes a sensor or a transducer and algorithms based on deep learning. The algorithms employ techniques of artificial intelligence that enable the system to extract heartbeat features under low signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) conditions when a user is exercising. The algorithms can be applied to various technologies for heart rate monitoring such as ultrasound Doppler, photoplethysmogram (PPG), electrocardiogram (EKG), acoustic, pressure/force sensing and laser/RF Doppler, among other types of sensing methods.
