Systems, methods and/or devices for optimizing a patient's insulin dosage regimen over time, comprising at least a first memory for storing data inputs corresponding at least to one or more components in a patient's present insulin dosage regimen, and data inputs corresponding at least to the patient's blood-glucose-level measurements determined at a plurality of times, and a processor operatively connected to the at least first memory. The processor is programmed at least to determine from the data inputs corresponding to the patient's blood-glucose-level measurements determined at a plurality of times whether and by how much to vary at least one of the one or more components in the patient's present insulin dosage regimen. Also disclosed are systems, methods and/or devices for treating a patient's diabetes by providing treatment guidance, wherein the patient's current glycemic state is determined relative to a desired balance point； and determining from at least one of a plurality of the data corresponding to the patient's blood glucose-level measurements whether and by how much to vary at least one of the one or more components in the patient's present insulin dosage regimen to get closer to the patient's desired balance point； wherein the desired balance point is the patient's lowest blood glucose-level within a predetermined range achievable before increasing the frequency of hypoglycemic events above a predetermined threshold.
