Provided are inclusion complexes comprising a sildenafil salt (e.g., sildenafil citrate) and alpha-cyclodextrin. The complexes may be useful treating various conditions, such as male erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. In some instances the inclusion complexes increase the solubility of sildenafil. Also provided are methods of producing the inclusion complexes, as well as methods of treatment, kits and unit dosages.
