The invention relates to amino acid and peptide conjugates, methods for making amino acid and peptide conjugates, conjugates produced by the methods, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the conjugates. Methods of eliciting immune responses in a subject and methods of vaccinating a subject, uses of the conjugates for the same, and uses of the conjugates in the manufacture of medicaments for the same are also contemplated.本發明是有關於胺基酸及肽共軛物、製備胺基酸及肽共軛物之方法、藉由該等方法生產之共軛物以及包含該等共軛物之醫藥組成物。本發明亦意欲涵蓋在受試者中引起免疫反應之方法及對受試者進行接種之方法、該等共軛物用於其之用途、以及該等共軛物在製造用於其之藥物中之用途。