Red blood cell membrane derived microparticles (RMP) are safe, economical, effective hemostatic agents in the treatment of a wide range of bleeding conditions and can be considered as universal hemostatic agents. RMP are produced from red blood cells using a high-pressure extrusion membrane shear process and can be lyophilized after production and retain activity even when stored at room temperature. RMP can be administered to original donors (autologous treatment), thus avoiding transfusion complications, or can be administered to blood type compatible recipients. RMP produced from type O, Rh negative red cells can be given to any person regardless of blood type. RMP can be administered to reduce excessive bleeding resulting from trauma, surgeries, invasive procedures and various bleeding disorders such as platelet disorders, either congenital or acquired, and coagulation disorders, either congenital or acquired.
