The invention provides compositions comprising Eno1 and a muscle targeting peptide, e.g, as a fusion protein, for delivery of Eno1 to a muscle. The Eno1 may contain one or more added cysteine residues which are covalently attached to a biocompatible polymer (e.g. polyethylene glycol). Further, the invention provides a method for normalizing blood glucose in a subject with elevated blood glucose, comprising administering to the subject enolase 1 (Eno1), thereby normalizing blood glucose in the subject. The invention also provides methods of treating one or more conditions including impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, pre-diabetes, and diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes in a subject, comprising administering to the subject enolase 1 (Eno1), thereby treating the condition in the subject.
