The present invention relates to the use of oncolytic viruses (e.g., talimogene laherparepvec), either alone or in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1, and anti-PD-L1 compounds such an antibodies) for the treatment of various types of cancer. In addition, the present invention relates to compositions and kits relating to such uses of oncolytic viruses, either alone or in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors.