This invention relates to compounds having a formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, clathrate, hydrate, prodrug or polymorph thereof wherein X is -C(Rg)=N-A. The invention also relates to methods of treating IL-12 overproduction-related disorders, methods of treating or preventing disorders related with excessive bone loss, methods for inhibiting osteoclast formation, and methods for treating or preventing a disorder associated with excessive bone resorption.本發明係有關式(I)化合物：或其醫藥上可接受之鹽、溶合物、籠合物、水合物、先驅藥或同質異形體(polymorph)，其中X為-C(Rg)=N-A。本發明亦有關一種治療IL-12過度產生病變，一種治療或預防與骨質過度流失有關之病變之方法，抑制蝕骨細胞形成之方法，及治療或預防與骨質過度再吸收有關之病變之方法。
